• Female reproductive physiology is framed as governed by gonadal hormones acting as internal secretions that regulate estrous cycles, ovulation, and maturation across mammals. [1] [3] [10] [9] [13] [8] [20]

• Gonads and the pituitary/hypothalamus form a reciprocal endocrine axis, with evidence for feedback control and sex-hormone antagonism shaping endocrine output. [2] [11] [9] [13]

• Developmental endocrinology and puberty involve inducing sexually mature conditions in immature females via ovarian follicular hormones; subsequent hormonal maturation is studied at tissue level. [16] [9] [5] [20]

• Male reproductive endocrinology emphasizes testicular hormones, sperm vitality, and androgenic influences on somatic/psychical traits, alongside maintenance of male glands and androsterone. [7] [4] [19] [17]

• Pregnancy-related endocrinology covers corpus luteum function, urinary excretion products, and ovarian changes during pregnancy, tying ovarian hormones to gestation and menstrual regulation. [18] [15] [12]